Improved apparatus for carbureting air



POND & RICHARDSON. Apparatus for Carbureting Air.

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UNITED ST T S PATENT @rrrcn.

E. A; POND AND M. S. RICHARDSON, 'OF RUTLAND, VERMONT.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CARBURETENG AIR.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 530,029, dated September 19, 1865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, E. A. POND and M. S.

I -RICHARDSON, both of'Rutland, in the county 7 of the same.

This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of gas-machines or apparatus or machines for making illuminating-gas by forcing atmospheric air through the light and volatile hydrocarbon fluids-the secondary products of the distillation of coal or the oils emanating from. coal or petroleum. They are generallycomposed of an air-forcin g apparatus anda vaporizer, combined for operation so as to produce a steady flow of air well charged with hydrocarbon vapor. This, however, could onlybe effected by apparatus or machinerytoo voluminous to admitof portability or of application to railroad-cars or other like vehicles.

The object of this invention, therefore, is to combine and arrange a gasmachine with a view ot'compactness andportability, so that the same may be used for illuminating purposesasa fixture in railroad-cars and other ,vehicles,or as a lamp or movable and portable apparatus in houses, 65c.

To accomplish the object of this our invention two conditions are requisite: first, that .theair shall be forced or drawn through the volatile hydrocarbon liquid by a mechanism the operation of which shall not besensibly afiected by the movement to which it may be subjected; second, that the air shall he so forced or drawn through a column of volatile hydrocarbon liquid of such length (equivalentf or charging of the air with h'ydrecarbonvapor. To this effect we combine with an a r-pump a vaporizer under the arrangement substantially as follows: A hydrocarbon-fluid reservoir, the funnel-shaped bottom of which terminates into acoiled pipe, is connected with an air-chamber provided with a double-acting diaphragm air-pump operated by a spring-power mechanism. Valves for theadmission to and expulsion from the air chamber are arranged so that at each stroke of, the pump air is admitted into the air-chamber and forced out to height) as will insure the perfect saturation top, through which the fluid or hydrocarbon liquid is poured'into the reservoir, and K is a.

the diaphragm the burner.

through the coil into the fluid-reservoinwhence it escapes through a pipe or pipes leading to one or more burners.

In the accompanying drawing we have shown in sectional elevation an apparatus constructed according to this our invention.

A is the reservoir, consisting of a hermettcallyciosedcylindrical vessel, the bottom of which is funnel-shaped, terminating at the cen ter into a pipe, 0, coiled spirally, helically, or invother convolute manner. Above the reservoir there is an air-chamberand pump,0,composed of two parts, which are united by means of screws or bolts passing through flanges D,

between which is clamped and securely held the elastic or flexible diaphragm E, made of india-rubber, leather, or other suitable substance.

To the diaphragm is imparted reciprocating action by means of a clock-work or spring-- power mechanism, operating the rod F, which passes through the stuffiug'box G in the top of the air-chamber. No special reference is here needed to the construction and operation of the said mechanism. It will suflice to say that it is similar to that of acloek, being pro-,

vided with a spring of requisite power, gearwheels, regulating mechanism, and the proper means or devices for transmitting rotary move ment and converting the same into reciprocating movement.

One or. more air-admission valves, V V, are arranged in the air-chamber on each side of the diaphragm, and similarvalves, N W, but working outwardly-i. 0., for the expulsionot' "air from the air-chamber are arranged in valve-chambers H H, located on each side of l is a tube providedwith a' funnel-shaped Mis a cock to shut ed a'rged with Va The operation of the apparatus described, which is one of the many forms into which our invention may be reduced, is as follows: The reservoir A, being first tilled'with hydrocarbon liquid to a level some distance below the point of outletof the gas, the coil of pipe B will be and communicating with the pipe B.

thesupply'of gas to supplied from the reservoir, and thus keptcon- I stanflyfilled; The clock-w I anismisfnow wound 11p and -.operated,=impart in g an up-and-down motion to the. pump-rodfl F;

j The drawipg exhibitsthef-pumpiod at thendj; of its" upward. stroke,having* raised the dia;

phragm, whereby theair in'fthe upper portion "of thecharnber was compressed. The comressi'on of the fair caused the closing of the becomes more or less chargedwith the vapor ofthe volatile hydrocarbon-fluid, accordingito I the Ien'gthof the coil, which may be increased 01' decreased in accordance .w'ithrequirenients On the *downward' stroke'of. the rod F aprecisely similar operation and-with samejefl'ect will take place throughfthevalves Vand The former, owing to the compressionof; the .air within the lowercompartmentaofi the air- .chamber, is 'closed, while the latter is opened,

comesfchargedtoasuflicientdegreewith hydrocarbon; vapor, The gas thus formed by the chargingyof; airwith vapor is collected in the upper part .of. the fluid-reservoir, whence it is, allowed to escapej 'throug-h the "pipe Kat the .burnerIJ, w-here it maybe ignited and burned for illuminating or heatingpurposes.

the'cir'cuitousarrangement of the pipe, whereby airjin; a moreor-less continuous stream or" column is 'kept'mojving through'or in contact with ,hydrocarbon liquid for a. length of time" requisite. to sufli'ciently charge it with vapor,-

without, however,; involving voluminousand expensivecontrivances, such/as have hereto! fore been'used,

I 'Aniadvantagewhich renders this machine "peculiarly adaptedtorailroad-cars and other ifvehicles orforportable lam psis that themotion towhichthefluid-reservoir may be submitted I will not sensibly affect the operation of theme: chine. 1 The swash or motion of the liquid inlthe'vessel is byth'e arrangement shown coni l ned-tojthe supply-reservoir, and does not take place in the coil, so that-the column of liquid- :thl'ough; which the aifiis forced-rt; e., the lonf gitudinal development of, the coil-is .con

stantly the same, ornearly so. If the motion of the fluid-vessel -beviolent, there is danger of the flow of gasibeiiig occasionally wholly ,or

partially, interrupted,*causii1g' the extinguishment or flickering of the-flame of the burne z.

'Toobviate this we propose to provide i-n.the

fluid-vesselft and below theoutlet of the gas, a

' spherical shield or covcrwith a hole inthe ceng ter,through which the gas escapes;

Another important feature. of our inven tionis the'application of a spring-power mechanism towork theair pump, which may be of lr-orspringmech vin'g theoperation'of all other pumps.

set forth ina'snialland portable apparatus.

, Wearc'awarethat clockworksj-have been the wick-at the burner; butwe are not aware that such ineans 'havecver' been used for the purpose of forcingfair'th rough the volatile hy- --drocarb0n';flui

'e'and, la'stly,the application of the diaphragm him) to la trips or gas-machines,; as descrihed,:ofi'ers the 'importantadvantage of. doingawayi -with friction, more or-les'sat'teude- =Although we-j'have described our apparatus With-reference .to. its use as; avaporizer of "atmospheric air,--we wish it tob'eunderstood that.

' it may befused'; with superior advantages as a :zcarbonizer of, hydrogen gas. ,Ex'pe'riments niade with our improved machine. developed; the important fact 1that-if .hydrogen -gas be forced throughthe coil in lieu of or toge erwith air, a more intense heatand abrighterillu- -minati-ng-flame -WiIl'beproduced,

' We have also \foundit advantageous to regu- I I late and divide the current. orflow of air into and; the air is'forced,in themanner beforede-a scribed, through the pipe 'andcoil B,"-a,nd;-b.e-

as fine a streamas possible, as it passes through. the--coil-,-' by means. of finelyperforated. die-'- phragms or.,wi cking drawn through the coil or other equivalent, mean s.. Perforated .diaphragrns may be. used for thispurpose'either across thecoil' or-across the reservoir,"or across both i I In conclusion, we would observethat we do not confine orrestrictourselves to the precise ErOm the fOIZGgOillg it will be understood thatthe important-feature of ofir invention is details orxarrangements :which we have had occasion todescribe or referto, as many variations m'aylbe made therefrom without devia- I I ting from theprinciples or main features ofl the said invention. Thus, instead of a spring power mechanism for operating-the air-pump any other available power and method of transmitting the same may be used.- 'Insteadof a diaphragm-pumpjafpiston-pump or therotary' machines-may be employed I I v Having now described the natureof our in- .ven tion, we would state our claims as follows: 1; In machines for generatingilluminating.

pump 'ordinarilyhsed in connection with gasgas by charging'at nospheric air-or hydrogen with the vaporof hydrocarbon fluids, the employment of a vaporizer composed of pipe or. tube coiledspirally or'otherwise, substantially as and for the purposes-hereinbefore set forth,

' .2. Inmachinesforigenerating illuminatinggas by charging atmospheric airor hydrogen.

with vapor of hydrocarbon fluids, in combines tion with the tubular vaporizer, as described, a supply-reservoir to maintain said vaporizer f0rth.f' 3. In machines for generating illuminating- )constantlyfilled, substantially as herein set gasby charging atmospheric air or hydrogen with the vapors of hydrocarbon fluids, the em 'ployment of an elastic or flexible diaphragmair-pump, constructed and arrangedfor op era- I tion' substantially as herein set'forth.

4. In machines for generating ill-uminating used n oil-lamps to' pump up the oil .to'supply gas by charging atmospheric air orhydrogen with the vapor of hydrocarbon fluids, the employment, incombination with an air or gas pump, of a clock-work or other springpower mechanism arranged to operate the said pump substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5 In amachine for generatingilluminating I gas by charging-atmospheric air or hydrogen with the vapor of hydrocarbonfiuids, the combination of the following elements: first, a. flexible or'elastic diaphragmpump or other pump operating without the use of water or uspring-power mechanism to operate thepump,

substantially as described.

In testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification before two subscribins: witnesses.

POND. M. S. RICHARDSON Witnesses:

.H. A. S'AWYER, S. R. Groomers. 

